Changes

==Solutions==

==Solutions==

In VR and AR, new types of displays have been developed since the 2010s that can minimize or eliminate focus conflict to non-issue levels. These displays include varifocal, multifocal,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zhan |first1=Tao |last2=Xiong |first2=Jianghao |last3=Zou |first3=Junyu |last4=Wu |first4=Shin-Tson |date=2020-03-30 |title=Multifocal displays: review and prospect |journal=PhotoniX |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=10 |doi=10.1186/s43074-020-00010-0 |s2cid=214754949 |issn=2662-1991|doi-access=free }}</ref> holographic, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LowxBE6iKQk pin-mirror] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5trOS3NaHw light field displays].<ref name=lanman>{{Citation |title=Douglas Lanman (NVidia) - Light Field Displays at AWE2014 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hLzESOf8SE |language=en |access-date=2022-09-26}}</ref>

In VR and AR, new types of displays have been developed since the 2010s that can minimize or eliminate focus conflict to non-issue levels. These displays include varifocal, multifocal,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zhan |first1=Tao |last2=Xiong |first2=Jianghao |last3=Zou |first3=Junyu |last4=Wu |first4=Shin-Tson |date=2020-03-30 |title=Multifocal displays: review and prospect |journal=PhotoniX |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=10 |doi=10.1186/s43074-020-00010-0 |s2cid=214754949 |issn=2662-1991|doi-access=free }}</ref> holographic, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LowxBE6iKQk pin-mirror] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5trOS3NaHw light field displays].<ref name=lanman>{{Citation |title=Douglas Lanman (Nvidia) - Light Field Displays at AWE2014 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hLzESOf8SE |language=en |access-date=2022-09-26}}</ref>

Varifocal displays are a concept explored mainly in VR display solutions. The basic principle relies on dynamically adjusting focal distance of displays based on the gaze direction. The technique requires an eye-tracking solution and means of modulating focal distance of a screen. Modulation of a focal distance can be, for example, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdM5SnSnuyQ&t=4s physical actuation of the screen] in relation to a fixed eyepiece optics, alternatively it can be utilization of varifocal<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1364/OE.27.015627 |title=Design and demonstration of a vari-focal optical see-through head-mounted display using freeform Alvarez lenses |year=2019 |last1=Wilson |first1=Austin |last2=Hua |first2=Hong |journal=Optics Express |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=15627–15637 |pmid=31163757 |bibcode=2019OExpr..2715627W |s2cid=174815078 |hdl=10150/633572 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Stevens |first1=R. E. |last2=Rhodes |first2=D. P. |last3=Hasnain |first3=A. |last4=Laffont |first4=P.-Y. |title=Digital Optics for Immersive Displays |chapter=Varifocal technologies providing prescription and VAC mitigation in HMDS using Alvarez lenses |editor-first1=Bernard C |editor-first2=Hagen |editor-first3=Wolfgang |editor-last1=Kress |editor-last2=Stolle |editor-last3=Osten |date=2018-05-21 |chapter-url=https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/10676/106760J/Varifocal-technologies-providing-prescription-and-VAC-mitigation-in-HMDs-using/10.1117/12.2318397.full |publisher=SPIE |volume=10676 |pages=142–158 |doi=10.1117/12.2318397|bibcode=2018SPIE10676E..0JS |isbn=9781510618787 |s2cid=173178593 }}</ref> lens element(s). While varifocal approach mitigates or entirely solves VAC, it cannot convey realistic monocular focus cues. To try to add realism, these techniques rely on [https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rkm38/pdfs/march2022_impact_of_focus_cues.pdf image processing techniques to simulate focus cues].    

Varifocal displays are a concept explored mainly in VR display solutions. The basic principle relies on dynamically adjusting focal distance of displays based on the gaze direction. The technique requires an eye-tracking solution and means of modulating focal distance of a screen. Modulation of a focal distance can be, for example, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdM5SnSnuyQ&t=4s physical actuation of the screen] in relation to a fixed eyepiece optics, alternatively it can be utilization of varifocal<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1364/OE.27.015627 |title=Design and demonstration of a vari-focal optical see-through head-mounted display using freeform Alvarez lenses |year=2019 |last1=Wilson |first1=Austin |last2=Hua |first2=Hong |journal=Optics Express |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=15627–15637 |pmid=31163757 |bibcode=2019OExpr..2715627W |s2cid=174815078 |hdl=10150/633572 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Stevens |first1=R. E. |last2=Rhodes |first2=D. P. |last3=Hasnain |first3=A. |last4=Laffont |first4=P.-Y. |title=Digital Optics for Immersive Displays |chapter=Varifocal technologies providing prescription and VAC mitigation in HMDS using Alvarez lenses |editor-first1=Bernard C |editor-first2=Hagen |editor-first3=Wolfgang |editor-last1=Kress |editor-last2=Stolle |editor-last3=Osten |date=2018-05-21 |chapter-url=https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/10676/106760J/Varifocal-technologies-providing-prescription-and-VAC-mitigation-in-HMDs-using/10.1117/12.2318397.full |publisher=SPIE |volume=10676 |pages=142–158 |doi=10.1117/12.2318397|bibcode=2018SPIE10676E..0JS |isbn=9781510618787 |s2cid=173178593 }}</ref> lens element(s). While varifocal approach mitigates or entirely solves VAC, it cannot convey realistic monocular focus cues. To try to add realism, these techniques rely on [https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rkm38/pdfs/march2022_impact_of_focus_cues.pdf image processing techniques to simulate focus cues].    

==External links==

==External links==

*{{youTube|fNzuzssl4eU|Why 3D sucks - the vergence accommodation conflict}}

*{{youTube|fNzuzssl4eU|Why 3D sucks - the vergence accommodation conflict}}

*{{youTube|8hLzESOf8SE|Douglas Lanman (NVidia) - Light Field Displays at AWE2014}}

*{{youTube|8hLzESOf8SE|Douglas Lanman (Nvidia) - Light Field Displays at AWE2014}}