Magnetometer
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Magnetometer is an instrument used to measure the magnetization of an object and the strength and direction of a magnetic field. Magnetometers in consumer electronics such as smartphones and tablets are used for compass apps by measuring Earth's magnetic field along 3 perpendicular axis of X, Y and Z.
In virtual and augmented reality, Magnetometers are part of IMUs. They are responsible for rotational tracking of HMDs and Input devices.